| Family background: |
He has been married since 1973. His wife: Zsuzsannna Szabó, born in 1945 in Levice, mathematician. |
His son: Áron Bálint, born in 1989 in Indiana Pa. USA. |
His mother: Mária Zvoda, born in 1910 in Lucenec, teacher. |
His father: Endre (1908-1980), doctor of laws |
| Biography |
| 1951-1959 | Hungarian Primary School, Lucenec |
| 1959-1962 | School leaving exam at the Filakovo Secondary School |
| 1962-1963 | Employed as a worker |
| 1963-1971 | University studies. He gets geologist degree at Department of Natural Sciences, at Komensky University in Bratislava |
| from 1965 | He takes active part in political and public life |
| 1968-1969 | He interrupts his studies because of his public activities (Prague Spring) |
| 1972-1973 | Scientific co-researcher at the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrient Research in Bratislava |
| 1973-1977 | He wins the scholarship of Geologist Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences |
| 1977 | He defends his PhD. thesis on geo-chemistry |
| 1978-1990 | He is a geologist of Doprostav, Bridge and Road Building Company |
| 1988-1989 | Guest lecturer, Indiana University of Pennsylvania |
| from 1990 | Professional politician |
| Public career: |
| 1963-1970 | Member of the Cultural Association of Hungarian Workers in Czechoslovakia (Csemadok) |
| 1965-1968 | President of the József Attila Youth club, Club of Hungarian University and College students in Bratislava |
| 1965-1969 | Organizer of an alternative forum of young Hungarians, the Summer Youth Meeting, that is independent from the political power |
| 1966-1969 | Member of the Central Committee of Csemadok |
| 1968 | Founder and leader of a methodological group that is coordinating the independent youth clubs of Hungarian students in Czechoslovakia |
| 1968-1969 | Member of Board in Csemadok Central Committee |
| 1968-1969 | He founds with his fellows the Hungarian Youth Association in Czechoslovakia, first secretary-general and later president. The organization is wounded up in November 1969, because the new Slovak Ministry of the Interior does not allow its activity |
| 1969 | 1969 He resigns on his Csemadok post. A year later he is excluded from the organization because of political reasons. He cannot publish and he cannot attend public activities |
| 1976-1977 | 1976-1977 He reappears at public activities. He makes lectures for Hungarian and Slovak university students. He is in conflict with those Hungarian intellectuals living in Slovakia, who sign the declaration against the Charta 77, organized by the state. |
| 1978-1989 | 1978-1989 He founds the Legal Aid Association of Hungarian Minority in Czechoslovakia, and he is the spokesperson of the association till 1989, when it is suspended. The aims of the association (CSMKJB) are the fight against the planned liquidation of Hungarian Schools, the protest against anti-Hungarian state orders and the defense of Human rights in general. |
| 1979 | 1979 He takes part in the creation of the Bibó Memory Book with his study that is the biggest independent venture of Hungarian intellectuals in Carpathian Basin after 1956. |
| 1979 | With the help of his wife he has intensive relationship with Charta 77 civil rights movement. The state police regularly keep him under surveillance and interrogate him. The state police keep back him from traveling abroad despite the fact that he has valid passport. There are regular house searches in his flat till 1984. |
| 1982 | His passport is withdrawn, criminal procedure is started against him, he is accused of upsetting public order, later he is arrested. |
| 1982-1983 | He is in imprisonment under remand, on 31st January and 1st February 1983 he is brought to trial at the Bratislava Town Court. Some writers of the Association of Hungarian Writers show their solidarity with him that divides the organization politically. The Charta 77 civil rights movement protests against his imprisonment. The case is suspended because of foreign pressure and he is released. |
| 1983 | He signs the Charta 77 human rights declaration. He continues his activities as the spokesperson of the legal aid committee. |
| 1984-1985 | He is arrested again; he is accused of upsetting public order and activity against the socialist system, Soviet Union and its allies. Big international protest is started against his imprisonment for example by the Amnesty International, the American section of PEN Club, etc. On 10th May 1985 the criminal procedure against him is modified and because of decree of amnesty the procedure is stopped and he is released. He has been imprisoned for 470 days, altogether. |
| 1985-1988 | He continues his activities in legal aid committee; he publishes more and more in non-official oppositional press. During the Budapest Cultural Forum (October 1985) he is harassed by the state police again. He has regular contact with the Slovak opposition and they organize common declarations. He takes part at the work of the Charta 77 spokesperson body. The state polices declare him persona non grata in Prague. |
| 1988 | He is the member of the Network of Free Initiative till its transformation to a party (SZDSZ). This organization was created by Hungarian democratic opposition. He lectures at an oppositional political forum in Jurta Theatre that was organized by Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF). |
| 1988-1989 | He gets back his passport because of the public intervention of U.S. delegation at the EBEÉ conference in Vienna and he gets the permission to travel abroad with his wife. They travel to the U.S.A. for the invitation of Indiana University of Pennsylvania. His stay is patronized by Chászár Ede, who is a professor of political science and he is sponsored financially by Hungarian Human Rights Foundation and Soros György. At the university he studies political sciences, he writes and publishes studies. On the North-American Continent (U.S.A., Canada) he has about hundred lectures. |
| 1989 | The Czechoslovak Embassy shows intensive interest in him. His passport is stolen in mysterious way. The Czechoslovak Embassy doesn't want to give him the necessary documents for traveling home, only with the pressure of American human rights organizations he gets a temporary passport. On 28th November he travels back to Europe with his wife and his son. |
| 1989 | He is a candidate for the prime minister in the new Czechoslovak Federal Government, after the changes. At the coalition negotiations Marián Calfa the later Prime Minister, who represents the Czechoslovak Communist Party, vetoes only his nomination, so he doesn't become the member of the government. |
| 1990-1998 | He founds the political organization of Czechoslovak ethnic groups, the Coexistence (Együttélés) political movement and he is the president of the movement till the foundation of Party of Hungarian Coalition (MKP) |
| 1990-1992 | He is nominated as an MP to the National Assembly on 31st January 1990. At the first democratic parliamentary election in May 1990 he is the second most supported politician in the country. In 1992 he is re-elected. |
| 1991 | He is one of the initiators who suggest the investigation of Communist past. |
| 1992 | He raises the joining of three Hungarian Parties in Slovakia at the meeting of National Council of Coexistence in Cesky Tesin. He is one of the initiator of a proposal at the Prague National Assembly, prepared by Hungarian MPs that would transform the state to a three-part federal country with three autonomic republics. At the last session of Chamber of Nations in The Federal Assembly he makes a speech in Slovak and Hungarian. |
| 1993 | He works out the programs Let our homeland be our native land- local government program and the Hungarians in Slovakia and Slovaks-relationship between two fellow nations. He rejects the consideration of Hungarians in Slovakia as a minority and he declares that the Hungarians in Slovakia are the part of the Hungarian community who live in Slovakia. |
| 1993-1994 | He is the initiator of the Country-wide meeting of Hungarian elected civil servants (local government officials, MPs and mayors), so-called Great Komárom Meeting, on 8th January 1994. This meeting wants to promote the rights of Hungarian local governments and Hungarian communities according to the European Local Government Charta. The Slovak Secret Service wants to keep back the Hungarian Organizations from the union and the Secret Service wants to remove the dominant Hungarian initiators, politicians, especially the members of the Coexistence political movement. |
| from 1994 | He is an MP of the Slovak Republic (he is re-elected in 1998 and 2002), member of Local Government and Human rights Committee. |
| 1994-1996 | He is the leader of the parliamentary caucus of Hungarian Coalition that he gives up because of health problems. |
| 1995 | He helps the alliance of the Hungarian right wing parties ( MDF, FIDESZ-MPP, KDNP), because as the president of the Coexistence he gives chance for common appearance abroad and for political negotiations. He is the initiator of the meeting of Hungarian political parties and the political and civil organizations of countries neighboring to Hungary, the first so-called Hungarian-Hungarian Summit. |
| 1996 | He is the initiator of the meeting of Hungarian political parties and the political and civil organizations of countries neighboring to Hungary, the first so-called Hungarian-Hungarian Summit. A document gets into his hand that is about his political and moral destruction, but if it is useless physical liquidation. |
| 1996-1998 | He is the vice-president of Liberal Internacionale. He claims the strategic aim of the Hungarian reunion. He declares that Hungary cannot be the mother country of the Hungarians living in the neighboring countries because they didn't migrate but the historical Hungary was divided into several parts. |
| 1997 | he declares for the first time that a law should protect the status of Hungarians living in the neighboring countries. |
| 1998-1999 | He is the honorary president of the Party of Hungarian Coalition. The position is cancelled for his request and he becomes the managing vice-president. |
| 1997 | He is one of the initiators of the Hungarian Standing Confrence (MÁÉRT) |
| 1998-2002 | Permanent representative of Party of Hungarian Coalition at MÁÉRT meetings, he works in the integration committee. |
| 1999 | He is one of the initiators of the law about the Hungarians living in the neighbouring countries of Hungary. |
| from 1999 | He is the managing vice-president of Party of Hungarian Coalition. |
| 2002 | He makes a speech in Budapest, at Kossuth square, at the meeting of civil political forces. There are about 1.5 million people at the meeting. He is criticized because of his speech by Hungarian post-communist forces and the Slovak politicians. Ninety Hungarians living in Slovakia criticize him, as well, in an open letter and they call upon the Party of Hungarian Coalition to get rid of him. About thousand well-known Hungarian artists and intellectuals, in Slovakia and Hungary defend him with an open letter and with a document Ten Commandments of our European Future. |
| Order membership: |
| Member of the Knightly Order of Vitéz, donated upon own merit, 2003 |
| Contacts: |
| Home: | 831 02 Bratislava/Pozsony, Horská 2 Tel./fax: +421-2-44 257 228 E-mail: mduray@slovanet.sk |
| MKP: | 811 04 Bratislava/Pozsony, abotova 2 Tel.: +421-2-5249 7877, 5249 5164 Fax: +421-2-5249 5264 E-mail: duray@smk.sk |